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J.Cummins, M. Swain, M. Saville-Troike\u53caK. Anstrom\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u5355\u5143\u8ba4\u77e5\u638c\u63e1\uff08\u5373\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u7a81\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u6587\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c1\u6216\u7b2c2\u8bed\u6587\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u521d\u671f\u7531\u7b2c1\u8bed\u6587\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8f6c\u5411\u7b2c2\u8bed\u6587\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7b2c1\u8bed\u6587\u5c1a\u672a\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u5b66\u751f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b66\u4e60\u7b2c2\u8bed\u6587\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c2\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u5c06\u964d\u4f4e\u53ca\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5229\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\u4e24\u7ec46\u5e74\u7ea7\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u88d4\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u9605\u8bfb\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u7ec4\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e24\u5e74\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u63a5\u53d74\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u63a5\u53d7\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bfb6\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9996\u4e24\u5e74\u63a5\u53d7\u7b2c1\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f73\uff0c?\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5e74\u6570\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n
Cummins\u53caSwain\uff081986\uff09\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4f5c\u51fa\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u540e\uff0c\u8fbe\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u521d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u63a5\u53d7\u7b2c1\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u80fd\u8fbe\u81f4\u8f83\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u8fc7\u540e\u624d\u8f6c\u5411\u7b2c2\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n
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3\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u90e8\u957f\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u5c0f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u6570\u7406\uff0c\u5c06\u5e26\u6765\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n
– \u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u751f\uff08\u9664\u5c11\u6570\u4f18\u79c0\u751f\u53ca\u6765\u81ea\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4e0a\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\uff09\u5c06\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u82f1\u8bed\u6ca1\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb6\u5ead\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ef6\u7eed\u6765\u81ea\u6bcd\u8bed\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u4e61\u533a\u3001\u65b0\u6751\u3001\u56ed?\u53ca\u57ce\u5e02\u8d2b\u6c11\u7684\u5404\u65cf\u4f4e\u4e0b\u5c42\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n
– \u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u56fd\u6c11\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u672c\u8eab\u6bcd\u8bed\u6f14\u7b97\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u6027\u63a8\u8bba\u6216\u4e86\u89e3\u6216\u8bb2\u8ff0\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u73af\u5883\uff08\u81ea\u7136\u53ca\u4eba\u9020\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53ca\u7269\u4f53\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4ee5\u672c\u8eab\u6bcd\u8bed\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u82f1\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5e0c\u5c71\u5e94\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u6709\u5173\u653f\u515a\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u6301\u7eed\u4ece\u5c0f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u6570\u7406\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u5230\u5e95\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u524d\u9014\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u52ff\u4e3a\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u5178\u5f53\u6389\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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Swain, M. Saville-Troike\u53caK. Anstrom\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u5355\u5143\u8ba4\u77e5\u638c\u63e1\uff08\u5373\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u7a81\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u6587\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c1\u6216\u7b2c2\u8bed\u6587\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u521d\u671f\u7531\u7b2c1\u8bed\u6587\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8f6c\u5411\u7b2c2\u8bed\u6587\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7b2c1\u8bed\u6587\u5c1a\u672a\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u5b66\u751f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b66\u4e60\u7b2c2\u8bed\u6587\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c2\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u5c06\u964d\u4f4e\u53ca\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5229\u5c40\u9762\u3002 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\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\u4e24\u7ec46\u5e74\u7ea7\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u88d4\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u9605\u8bfb\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u7ec4\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e24\u5e74\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u63a5\u53d74\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u63a5\u53d7\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bfb6\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9996\u4e24\u5e74\u63a5\u53d7\u7b2c1\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f73\uff0c?\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5e74\u6570\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5c11\u3002 Cummins\u53caSwain\uff081986\uff09\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4f5c\u51fa\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u540e\uff0c\u8fbe\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u521d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u63a5\u53d7\u7b2c1\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u80fd\u8fbe\u81f4\u8f83\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u8fc7\u540e\u624d\u8f6c\u5411\u7b2c2\u8bed\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u3002 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Hua\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\uff09\u3001\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\uff081921\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0d\u5fb7\u56fd\uff09\u6216\u5c45\u793c\u592b\u4eba\uff081903\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0d\u6cd5\u56fd\uff09\u90fd\u4ee5\u6bcd\u8bed\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u82f1\u8bed\u63a5\u53d7\u521d\u671f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4f55\u5927\u591a\u6570\u975e\u82f1\u8bed\u7cfb\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u53ca\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u56fd\u8bed\u6559\u6570\u7406\u3002 3\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u90e8\u957f\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u5c0f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u6570\u7406\uff0c\u5c06\u5e26\u6765\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898\uff1a – 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