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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u59d4\u4efb\u5deb\u7edf\u5168\u56fd\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e3b\u4efb\u83ab\u54c8\u672b\u6cf0\u76ca\u4e3a\u4e61\u6751\u53ca\u533a\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u90e8\u957f\u5374\u6807\u793a\u7740\u65e7\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6069\u8d50\u6027\u59d4\u4efb\uff08old politics of patronage\uff09\u7684\u56de\u5f52\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u8fdd\u80cc\u963f\u90fd\u62c9\u8fc7\u53bb42\u4e2a\u6708\u6765\u8bb8\u4e0b\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ec9\u6d01\u3001\u4e0d\u8d2a\u8150\u53ca\u53ef\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002<\/p>\n
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3\u67088\u65e5\u9009\u4e3e\u6210\u7ee9\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb50\u5e74\u6765\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9e\u8d28\u610f\u4e49\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u5931\u671b\u53ca\u5e7b\u706d\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u53d1\u51fa\u88ab\u538b\u6291\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n\u2022\u00a0\u6253\u9020\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8ba9\u5728\u91ce\u515a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u9886\u5bfc\u516c\u5171\u8d26\u76ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u9879\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u9074\u9009\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u7686\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u9074\u9009\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8ddf\u8fdb\uff1b
\n\u2022\u00a0\u6253\u9020\u4e00\u652f\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3001\u4e0d\u8d2a\u8150\u53ca\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7ea7\u8b66\u961f\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u6210\u7acb\u7687\u5bb6\u8b66\u5bdf\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6240\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u201c\u8b66\u961f\u6295\u8bc9\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u68c0\u72ec\u7acb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u3002
\n\u2022\u00a0\u6062\u590d\u5404\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u53ca\u516c\u5e73\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u9886\u57df\u3001\u603b\u68c0\u5bdf\u7f72\u3001\u53cd\u8d2a\u6c61\u5c40\u7b49\uff1b
\n\u2022\u00a0\u5efa\u7acb\u4e16\u754c\u7ea7\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u5404\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u6807\u699c\u6559\u80b2\u7d20\u8d28\u3001\u5353\u8d8a\u6027\u53ca\u7ee9\u6548\u5236\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca
\n\u2022\u00a0\u63a8\u884c\u4e00\u9879\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u6709\u6548\u7387\u53ca\u5177\u63a8\u8fdb\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7f29\u5c0f\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u9762\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n
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