\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u53ec\u5f00\u8bb0\u8005\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u6566\u963f\u672b\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bef\u5bfc\u56fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5426\u8ba4\u672c\u8eab\u66fe\u65bc8\u670821\u65e5\u5728\u8bb0\u5ff5\u5df2\u6545\u4e39\u65af\u91cc\u963f\u672b\u4f9d\u4e0d\u62c9\u6b23\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e0a\u547c\u5401\u653f\u5e9c\u5e9f\u9664\u666e\u901a\u6cd5(common law)\uff0c\u800c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u524d\u950b\u62a5\u5728\u9694\u5929\u5bf9\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u5c01\u9762\u5934\u6761\u201c\u5e9f\u9664\u666e\u901a\u6cd5-\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u8981\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\u201d\u62a5\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u7eb3\u5179\u91cc\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u8ba4\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u5728\u6f14\u8bcd\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7eb3\u5179\u91cc\u5f52\u548e\u65bc\u8bb0\u8005\u7684\u7d20\u8d28\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u62a5\u5bfc\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5f53\u6211\u95ee\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u4f5c\u51fa\u547c\u5401\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e24\u5468\u5f8c\u6ca1\u4f5c\u51fa\u6f84\u6e05\uff0c\u7eb3\u5179\u91cc\u5374\u8bf4\u56fd\u4f1a\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u6f84\u6e05\u573a\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7eb3\u5179\u91cc\u4e5f\u8bb2\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u756a\u8bdd\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u66dd\u5149\u5f8c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5c31\u5df2\u8054\u7edc\u6211\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u62a5\u7ae0\u4e0a\u6240\u62a5\u5bfc\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9e\u3002\u6211\u6ca1\u602a\u4ed6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62a5\u7ae0\u4e5f\u66fe\u5bf9\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5426\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u62a5\u5bfc\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u62a5\u5bfc\u7684\u7248\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u4fe1\u8a89\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u81f3\u4eca\u6ca1\u53cd\u9a73\u6216\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7eb3\u5179\u91cc\u4ee3\u4ed6\u5426\u8ba4\u66fe\u5021\u8bae\u5e9f\u9664\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u754c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u8f69\u7136\u5927\u6cd5\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u672a\u505c\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb50\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u9645\u5021\u8bae\u5e9f\u9664\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u6211\u624b\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u5377\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u65bc8\u670821\u65e5\u5728\u8bb0\u5ff5\u5df2\u6545\u4e39\u65af\u91cc\u963f\u672b\u4f9d\u4e0d\u62c9\u6b23\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bcd\u5f8c\u63a5\u53d7\u5a92\u4f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u5f55\u97f3\u5e26\uff0c\u5b83\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u7684\u786e\u66fe\u547c\u5401\u653f\u5e9c\u5e9f\u9664\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u4e0d\u9700\u518d\u91c7\u7528\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u62e5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u4e3a\u4f55\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u9760\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n
\u8f83\u65e9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u5728\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5411\u62a5\u754c\u63d0\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u5411\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u53ca\u4fdd\u7559\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c40\u9762\u6216\u4f60\u8981\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5f0f\u627e\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u8981\u9760\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\uff1f1957\u5e74\u65f6\u662f\u600e\u9ebd\u641e\u7684\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n
\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u518d\u5f53\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u5f53\u591a\u4e00\u5929\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4ed6\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u7eb3\u5179\u91cc\u8bef\u5bfc\u56fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ed6\u5426\u8ba4\u8bf4\u4ed6\u66fe\u57288\u6708\u95f4\u5021\u8bae\u5e9f\u9664\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u5f55\u97f3\u5e26\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u786e\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u6b64\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u80fd\u8f7b\u6613\u7684\u518d\u8bef\u5bfc\u7eb3\u5179\u91cc\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u6797\u7518\u77ed\u7247\u4e2d\u901a\u8bdd\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u81ea2003\u5e743\u6708\u51fa\u4efb\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4ee5\u6765\u768455\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u5df2\u5c06\u53f8\u6cd5\u5e26\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u52a0\u5165\u6566\u963f\u90fd\u54c8\u5bc6\uff081988\uff0d1994\uff09\u53ca\u6566\u5c24\u7d22\u664b\uff081994\uff0d2000\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u540d\u8a89\u884c\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd93\u540d\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u90fd\u4ee4\u5927\u9a6c\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u754c\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u8499\u7f9e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u4e0d\u9009\u62e9\u52a0\u5165\u50cf\u6df1\u53d7\u56fd\u9645\u656c\u91cd\u7684\u6566\u82cf\u83f2\u5b89\uff081974\uff0d1982\uff09\u53ca\u62c9\u60f9\u963f\u5179\u5170\u838e\uff081982\uff0d1984\uff09\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9662\u957f\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u3002<\/p>\n
\u524d\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9662\u957f\u82cf\u4e39\u963f\u5179\u5170\u838e\u5728\u51762004\u5e744\u6708\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7740\u4f5c\u201c\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u53ca\u826f\u597d\u65bd\u653f\u201d\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n
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\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u6bd4\u82cf\u4e39\u963f\u5179\u5170\u838e\u57282004\u5e744\u6708\u51fa\u4e66\u65f6\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u662f\u7531\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u62c5\u4efb\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5f53\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u518d\u591a\u5f53\u4e00\u5929\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u6cd5\u9c81\u5179\u5c1a\u65f6\u4e00\u53e3\u5426\u5b9a\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u6cd5\u5b98\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u9053\u5fb7\u5316\u7684\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u65f6\u662f\u5f88\u5371\u9669\u7684\u3002\u56de\u6559\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8bfd\u8c24(fitnah)\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u522b\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5c5e\u65bc\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4f60\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
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